Pap Smear
2,500 Kshs | Home Collection Available
Synonyms
Direct antihuman globulin test (DAT)
Purpose
The Pap smear test is a screening procedure used to detect abnormal or precancerous cells on the cervix. It plays a crucial role in the early identification and prevention of cervical cancer. Detecting changes in cervical cells early allows for timely treatment before they progress into cancer.
Healthcare providers recommend this test, especially for women aged 21 to 65, as part of routine gynecological care.
They may also perform other tests alongside a smear, such as the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) test, which checks for the virus responsible for most cervical cancers, and pelvic exams to evaluate overall reproductive health.
Patient Preparation
The physician will enquire about any medication the patient is taking, if they are pregnant, or if they have had an abnormal pap smear before. The procedure cannot be done during menstruation, so the patient should plan around it. Having sex, use of douches or vaginal creams and using tampons are to be avoided for about two or three days before the procedure.
Samples
Cervical smears, multiple smears should be made, for increased sensitivity. Label the samples immediately after collection with the patient’s name or a unique identifier. Samples are stable at room temperature after fixation with ethyl alcohol or refrigerated at 2-80.
Reference Range
Normal cells Negative
Results Turnaround
1 to 3 weeks after sample collection.
Diseases / Diagnostic indicators
A Pap smear can detect abnormal cervical cells that may indicate:
- Cervical dysplasia (precancerous changes)
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Cervical cancer
- Inflammation or infection of the cervix
Possible outcomes include:
Normal result: No abnormal cells were found.
Atypical cells: Slight abnormalities that may require further testing.
Low-grade or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: Precancerous changes that might progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.
Cancerous cells: Indicating possible cervical cancer, requiring immediate evaluation and treatment.
Early detection improves treatment success and significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer. For more on Pap Smear testing for cervical cancer screening, read this study.