High Vaginal Swab (HVS) Culture

Synonyms

HVS M/C/S, HVS Culture Test, High Vaginal Swab (HVS) culture

Purpose

The High Vaginal Swab (HVS) culture identifies bacterial, fungal, and parasite infections in the female reproductive tract. It helps in the diagnosis of vaginal infections, including vaginitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This test aids in the identification of infections such as Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, and different bacterial species, hence recommending suitable antibiotic or antifungal treatment.

The cervical swab culture complements the HVS by finding infections deeper in the cervical area that an HVS may miss. Together, they provide a more complete screening for STIs and other reproductive tract infections.

Healthcare providers often use an HVS alongside a urine culture and sensitivity test to identify any overlapping infections in the urinary system, as infections in the vaginal tract can sometimes spread to the urinary tract. This approach ensures that disorders like PID or urinary tract infections (UTIs) receive full treatment.

Patient Preparation for an HVS Culture

The patient must not take antibiotics for at least 3 days before the test.

Samples

Collect 2ml vaginal swabs using a Copan Eswab, ensuring you follow hand hygiene beforehand. Using a cotton swab, remove any excess cervical mucous before inserting it as high as possible into the vaginal vault. Place the swab in sterile transport media, like ESwab Liquid Amies solution, to preserve the existence of various bacteria. Refrigerate the swab in the sterile transport media until processing.

Reference Range

No growth obtained/ no pathogens isolated

Results Turnaround

3 – 5 days after receipt of samples.

Diseases / Diagnostic Indicators

The High Vaginal Swab (HVS) culture detects infections in the female reproductive tract, particularly in the vaginal area. When the test results show bacterial growth, this can signal the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV).

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) occurs when there is an imbalance in the normal vaginal flora, often leading to an overgrowth of bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis. BV can cause symptoms such as abnormal discharge, odor, and discomfort, however some people may be asymptomatic. If left untreated, BV increases the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and pregnancy problems.