D-Dimer Test
3,050 Kshs | Home Collection Available
Synonyms
None
Purpose
The D-Dimer test is a blood assay that detects fragments of fibrin known as D-dimers produced when blood clots dissolve in the body. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing and ruling out serious thrombotic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Elevated D-dimer levels suggest active clot formation and breakdown, prompting further investigation.
This test is especially important in emergency settings or when a patient presents with unexplained leg pain, chest pain, or shortness of breath, possible a sign of clot-related disorders.
Other medical laboratory tests commonly performed alongside the D-Dimer test include Prothrombin Time (PT)/INR, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Venous Doppler Ultrasound, CT Pulmonary Angiography, Complete Blood Count (CBC), and Fibrinogen Test.
Patient Preparation
No special preparation required.
Samples
2ml with a minimum volume of 1ml of plasma, frozen, collected in a blue top tube (sodium citrate). Fill the evacuated collection tubes to completion and mix immediately by inversion to ensure a proper blood to anticoagulant ratio. Freeze the samples.
Reference Range
0.00-0.49 mg/L FEU (Fibrinogen equivalent units).
Results Turnaround
Within 24 hours of receipt of samples.
Diseases / Diagnostic indicators
The D-Dimer test helps identify or rule out conditions involving abnormal blood clot formation and breakdown. Elevated D-dimer levels suggest that the body is actively forming and dissolving blood clots, which can point to serious health issues. Some possible outcomes include;
Positive Result (Elevated D-Dimer):
- Indicates increased clot activity in the body. This may be associated with:
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Liver disease
- Pregnancy or postpartum state
- Cancer
Further imaging tests (e.g., ultrasound or CT angiography) are often required to confirm the diagnosis.
Negative Result (Normal D-Dimer):
- Suggests that a clotting disorder like DVT or PE is unlikely. It is especially useful in ruling out such conditions when the clinical probability is low or moderate.
False Positives:
D-Dimer can be elevated in many non-thrombotic conditions, including infection, inflammation, trauma, or aging, so elevated levels don’t always confirm a clot. For more on D-dimer tests, read this study.