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D-Dimer Test

D-Dimer Test

Synonyms

None

Purpose

The D-Dimer test is a blood assay that detects fragments of fibrin known as D-dimers produced when blood clots dissolve in the body. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing and ruling out serious thrombotic conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Elevated D-dimer levels suggest active clot formation and breakdown, prompting further investigation.

This test is especially important in emergency settings or when a patient presents with unexplained leg pain, chest pain, or shortness of breath, possible a sign of clot-related disorders.

Other medical laboratory tests commonly performed alongside the D-Dimer test include Prothrombin Time (PT)/INR, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Venous Doppler Ultrasound, CT Pulmonary Angiography, Complete Blood Count (CBC), and Fibrinogen Test.

Patient Preparation

No special preparation required.

Samples

2ml with a minimum volume of 1ml of plasma, frozen, collected in a blue top tube (sodium citrate). Fill the evacuated collection tubes to completion and mix immediately by inversion to ensure a proper blood to anticoagulant ratio. Freeze the samples.

D.Dimer Test in Kenya

Reference Range

0.00-0.49 mg/L FEU (Fibrinogen equivalent units).

Results Turnaround

Within 24 hours of receipt of samples.

Diseases / Diagnostic indicators

The D-Dimer test helps identify or rule out conditions involving abnormal blood clot formation and breakdown. Elevated D-dimer levels suggest that the body is actively forming and dissolving blood clots, which can point to serious health issues. Some possible outcomes include;

Positive Result (Elevated D-Dimer):

  • Indicates increased clot activity in the body. This may be associated with:
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
  • Recent surgery or trauma
  • Liver disease
  • Pregnancy or postpartum state
  • Cancer

Further imaging tests (e.g., ultrasound or CT angiography) are often required to confirm the diagnosis.

Negative Result (Normal D-Dimer):

  • Suggests that a clotting disorder like DVT or PE is unlikely. It is especially useful in ruling out such conditions when the clinical probability is low or moderate.

False Positives:

D-Dimer can be elevated in many non-thrombotic conditions, including infection, inflammation, trauma, or aging, so elevated levels don’t always confirm a clot. For more on D-dimer tests, read this study.