hCG quantitative, Beta-hCG
Purpose
The βhCG (Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) test is a blood test that measures the level of hCG hormone in your body. This hormone is produced during pregnancy, typically by the placenta shortly after the embryo attaches to the uterine lining.
The test is used to confirm pregnancy early, sometimes even before a missed period, and can also monitor the progression of the pregnancy. It comes in two forms: qualitative, which detects if hCG is present (yes or no), and quantitative, which measures the exact level of hCG in the blood.
This test is important not only for confirming pregnancy but also for identifying potential complications like ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, or molar pregnancy. In some cases, it can also act as a tumor marker for certain cancers, like testicular or ovarian cancer in non-pregnant individuals.
To get a clearer picture of a person’s health, the βhCG test is often combined with other tests, such as a progesterone test or repeat hCG tests over time to monitor hormone changes. In later stages of pregnancy.
Patient Preparation
The patient should avoid taking biotin supplements at least 72 to sample collection.
Samples
1ml with a minimum volume of 0.7ml of serum or plasma collected in a Gel-barrier, red-top, or green top tube (lithium heparin). Avoid using EDTA, oxalate, or citrate plasma. Transfer separated serum or plasma to a plastic transport tube if a red top tube is used. Store the sample at room temperature.
Reference Range
Male 0-3 mIU/ml, female: non-pregnant 0-5, menopausal 0-8, pregnant variable across gestational period.
Results Turnaround
Within 24 hours of receipt of samples.
Diseases / Diagnostic indicators
If the hCG levels are positive and rising normally, it typically confirms a healthy early pregnancy. However, abnormally low levels may suggest a possible miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy (when the embryo implants outside the uterus).
On the other hand, unusually high levels could indicate a multiple pregnancy (such as twins), a molar pregnancy (an abnormal growth of tissue in the uterus), or, in rare cases, certain types of tumors or cancers like testicular or ovarian cancer.
In non-pregnant individuals, elevated hCG levels might also point to hormone-secreting tumors. Interpreting hCG results alongside symptoms and additional tests helps doctors determine the next steps in diagnosis or treatment.
For more information on the BHCG test, see this study.