ALPHA FETOPROTEIN (AFP) TEST
3,000 Kshs | Home Collection Available
Synonyms
AFP, Serum, Tumor Marker
Purpose
The Alpha Fetoproteins (AFP) test is a blood test that measures the amount of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a protein normally produced by the fetal liver, but also found in certain conditions in children and adults.
The AFP test detects abnormal levels of this protein in the bloodstream. While AFP is commonly measured during pregnancy to assess fetal health, it’s also a key tumor marker in adults, especially in liver-related conditions.
This makes the AFP test vital in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of certain cancers and pregnancy complications. Other medical laboratory tests performed alongside the test include liver function tests (LFTs), Beta-hCG and LDH, CEA, and CA 19-9.
Patient Preparation
The patient should avoid taking biotin supplements at least 72 to sample collection.
Samples
1 mL with a minimum volume of 0.7 mL of serum collected in a red top tube or gel barrier tube. Transfer separated serum to a plastic transport tube if a red top tube is used. Store the sample at room temperature.
Method
Chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA)
Reference Range
Highly dependent on the age and sex of the patient.
Results Turnaround
Within 24 hours of receipt of samples.
Diseases / Diagnostic indicators
Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are commonly associated with certain types of cancers and liver diseases. One of the most notable associations is with nonseminomatous testicular cancer, where AFP serves as a tumor marker. Here are some possible outcomes of the Alpha Fetoproteins (AFP) test;
Positive/High AFP Result may indicate the presence of:
- Nonseminomatous testicular cancer
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer)
- Ovarian or other germ cell tumors
- Chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis or hepatitis
In pregnant women, high AFP can suggest:
- Neural tube defects in the fetus
- Multiple pregnancies
- Incorrect estimation of gestational age
Negative/Normal AFP Result:
- Suggests no significant elevation of AFP in the blood.
- May rule out AFP-producing tumors or confirm the absence of active liver disease.
- In pregnancy, normal levels generally indicate no major fetal abnormalities.
Low AFP in Pregnancy:
- It could also result from the incorrect dating of the pregnancy.
- May be associated with chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome or Trisomy 18.
For more information on AFP testing, read this study.